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BACKGROUND:It is the key point to choose the right size of the prosthesis, and grasp the direction and thickness for osteotomy during total knee arthroplasty. In order to achieve the goal, accurate preoperative planning is very important. OBJECTIVE:To compare the accuracy of preoperative templating in total knee arthroplasty using conventional two-dimensional (2D) and computed tomography (CT)-based three-dimensional (3D) procedures (templating on 3D image&surgical rehearsing on rapid prototype technology-models), and to confirm the necessity of 3D evaluation for preoperative planning. METHODS:A total of 25 patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty were randomly selected, including 10 males and 15 females, at the age of 58 and 79 years old. 2D and 3D images were col ected from al patients. Preoperative templating was performed for each total knee arthroplasty using both conventional 2D radiographs and a CT-based 3D image model. Accuracies with regard to the predicted and actual implant sizes were determined for each procedure. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The 3D procedure was found to be more accurate in predicting implant size of 80%femoral and 72%tibial components than those of the 2D procedure (4%femoral and 12%tibial components). Significant differences in the consistent rate of femoral and tibial prosthesis models were detected significantly (P<0.05). Kappa coefficient statistics demonstrated that goodness of fit of prosthesis model was good in 3D preoperative templating. Results confirmed that the superiority of 3D preoperative templating over 2D conventional evaluation is in predicting implant size, and provides more comprehensive information on skeletal anatomy.
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Objective To investigate the perioperative risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with hepatic cirrhosis that underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA), and to evaluate the safety and feasibility of individualized anti-coagulation treatment.Methods There were 25 patients complicating hepatic cirrhosis that underwent THA (from Jan.to Dec.2014), including 17 males and 8 females, aged 57.9t9.2 years.The primary causes of THA were avascular necrosis of the femoral head (eighteen cases) and osteoarthritis of the hip (seven cases).Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was applied for anti-coagulation treatment.Parameters of hepatic function and coagulation function of THA cases (randomized thirty cases, from Jan.2008 to Dec.2008) without hepatic cirrhosis were used as reference for monitoring.For the cases of massive blood loss or upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, a LMWH administration pause and an administration of fresh frozen plasma and clotting factors were performed in order to maintain a hemorrage/coagulation balance.The clinical outcome of the hip joint was evaluated and complications were treated.A subsequent follow-up was also carried out after perioperative period.Results All cases received successful surgeries and followed up.The follow-up duration was 34± 15.7 months.The preoperative Harris hip score was 32.4± 10.2 points, while the most recent follow-up score was 82.9±6.1 points, which was statistically significant.Dislocation, periprosthetic fracture and periprosthetic infection were absent.All cases received individualized anti-coagulation treatments during peripoerative period.A hemorrage/coagulation balance was achieved.The dynamic parameter curves did not present excessive deviation from reference.One case encountered intermuscular hematoma of the lower limbs 48 hours postoperatively, which was solved by a LMWH pause and administration of fresh frozen plasma and clotting factors.One case suffered upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage five days postoperatively, which was controlled by a LMWH pause and the administration of somatostatin and proton pump inhibitor.Jaundic got worse in one case three days postoperatively but got relieved after treatment.Overt blood loss was 686t141.8 ml.Perioperative death, hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopath, hepatorenal syndrome were absent.No DVT was observed.Conclusion There are risks of DVT in patients of hepatic cirrhosis.Individualized anti-coagulation treatment is needed during perioperative period of THA.
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BACKGROUND:Posterior stabilized femoral knee prosthesis needs additional condyle osteotomy to accommodate the tibial post and femur fossa structures. Intercondylar fossa on both sides connected at the femoral body with concentrated stress is a place easily affecting fractures. Differences in bone mass between different models of different brands did not have specific data, which was not convenient to select prosthesis for clinicians. OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference of intercondylar osteotomy data among clinical commonly used posterior stabilized knee prostheses (six imported and domestic brands), and to provide basis for the selection and application of the prostheses. METHODS:The current commonly used posterior stabilized knee prostheses (six imported and domestic brands) were used, including Zimmer NexGen LPS, Stryker Scrorpio NRG Knee-Flexed, Depuy PFC Sigma, Smith & nephew Genesis-2 PS, United-U1 and Wego GKPS. According to the osteotomy template, the osteotomy-surfaces consisting of femoral condyle starting section and cross section, distal section of femoral condyle, and back-oblique section were identified. The corresponding femoral prosthesis diameter lines included condylar ambilateral and anteroposterior diameters, width and depth of femoral intercondylar fossa. The above data were compared and measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The six kinds of knee femoral prostheses were different in ratio of ambilateral diameter and anteroposterior diameter, bone resection of intercondylar fossa, and geometry. Imported prostheses carry shorter diameters in femoral starting and cross sections, so it can catch more posterior condylar osteotomy. With increasing prosthesis sizes, the ratio of bone loss causing by width of intercondylar osteotomy is decreased among six brands. In al sizes, Stryker Scrorpio NRG Knee-Flexed catches shorter width of intercondylar osteotomy. Knee prosthesis osteotomy among six brands is different. The result of this study is not sufficient to evaluate the pros and cons between different prostheses, but as reserving bone is concerned, the design of less intercondylar osteoomy catches more advantages.
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BACKGROUND:The anatomical structure of acetabulum is different for the developmental dysplasia of the hip, which is smal and shal ow, with abundant cal us and scar tissue. It is difficult to determine the diameter of cup and instal ation of the cup during arthroplasty. Loosening and survival of postoperative prosthesis were influenced by local mechanical changes. OBJECTIVE:Using the three-dimensional finite element analysis, the stress distribution in acetabular cup-bone interface after implanting cups with different diameters was studied during total hip replacement in treating the dysplasia of hip. METHODS:Pelvis of developmental dysplasia of the hip patients was selected in this study. Acetabulum in the dysplasia was scanned by spiral CT. The computer simulation technology was applied to reconstruct the three-dimensional model of the pelvic for observing the dysplasia of hip from CT scan picture. Implanting cups with different diameters were simulated. Then the pelvis and acetabular cup model were meshed. The mechanics analysis tool was used to analyze three-dimensional model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:For the developmental dysplasia, we chose cup with smal diameter that could lead to better bone bed inclusion of cup during total hip replacement. Smal diameter cup induced a smal contact area and increased unit area stress. On the other hand, with implanting the larger cup and increasing degree of acetabular grinding, the acetabular wal bone breaks more obvious, so that the stress (compressive stress and shearing force) concentration at the top of the acetabulum and uneven stress in the rest were apparent increasingly. Thus, in clinical practice, under the premise of the bone bed inclusion, a large diameter cup is helpful to good distribution of stress during total hip replacement, but the perforation of acetabular wal induced by enlarged bone bed should be avoided or minimized.
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BACKGROUND:The anatomical strucure of acetabulum is smal and shal ow in adult acetabular dysplasia patients. The large amount of cal us and scar tissues in the acetabulum make it difficult to identify and instal the acetabular cup during arthroplasty. The comprehensive understanding of the acetabulum before arthroplasty is the premise for selecting the appropriate acetabular prosthesis and making the acetabular reconstruction program. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the application value of three-dimensional reconstruction technique in choosing the size of acetabular cup before total hip arthroplasty for acetabular dysplasia. METHODS:Spiral CT was carried out in the 11 acetabular dysplasia patients who waiting for total hip arthroplasty. The acetabulum was multi-planar reconstructed, and the size of the acetabular cup was determined through digitized acetabular cup template implantation, and then the mathching degree assessment was performed to compare with the actual size. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Spiral CT could clearly show the acetabular morphology, and the 71.4%of the acetabular size chosen in the three-dimensional preoperative plan was the same as actual one, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.888. The agreement was much higher than that of two-dimensional preoperative plan based on X-ray plain film. For the patients with acetabular dysplasia, the acetabulum became saml er and shal ower, and there were various extents of bone defects in the superior-lateral acetabulum. Three-dimensional multi-planar reconstruction can effectively evaluate the acetabular morphology, and three-dimensional preoperative plan can provide useful information for the choice of implant.
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BACKGROUND:Hepatic cirrhosis may adversely affect the outcome of major orthopedic surgery, such as total hip arthroplasty. Peri-operative treatment is the chal enge for al orthopedic surgeons. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the safety and feasibility of hip replacement surgeries in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. METHODS:Thirteen patients with hepatic cirrhosis that underwent hip replacement were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the treatments and their efficacy before and after replacement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al 13 surgeries were successful y performed. Al cases were fol owed up for more than five months and were graded according to Child-Pugh Criteria for hepatic functional reserve preoperatively and postoperatively. Five cases of the seven preoperative grade A cases preserved grade A postoperatively during a two-week observation, while another two cases rose to grade B and needed hepatic conservation treatment before discharge. Two cases of the six preoperative grade B cases rose to grade C with developed jaundice and ascites. Of the two, one even suffered a complication of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage 5 days after surgery. Somatostatin and proton pump inhibitors were administered to stop bleeding. Al cases gained a satisfying recovery. Harris hip score at fol ow-up showed favorable hip function. Hip replacement is safe and feasible for patients with hepatic cirrhosis when ful evaluation of hepatic function and appropriate perioperative management are ensured.
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Objective To investigate the differential value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) and time-intensity curves(TIC) in diagnosing testicular and epididymal mass lesions.Methods CEUS via intravenous bolus injection of SonoVue and TIC were performed for quantitative analysis of testicular and epididymal mass lesions.Forty-one patients with 42 testicular and epididymal mass lesions and 26 normal testicles were examined with CUES,the perfusion progress were recorded dynamically,which findings were compared with surgery.Results Twenty-three (54.76％) malignant masses displayed enhanced pattern as evenly enhanced,fast-in and fast-out (8.7％),evenly enhanced,fast-in and slow-out (65.2 ％ ),unevenly enhanced,fast-in and slow-out (26.1％ ).Ninteen (45.24 ％ ) benign masses revealed enhanced pattern as unevenly enhanced,fast-in and slow-out ( 10.5 ％),evenly enhanced,slow-in and slowout ( 10.5 ％ ),unevenly enhanced,slow-in and slow-out ( 36.9 ％ ),without enhancement ( 42.1％ ).There was statistical difference of peak intensity,time to peak and areas among malignant group,benign group and normal group ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions CEUS combined with TIC could provide differential diagnostic value for testicular and epididymal mass lesions.
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Objective To evaluate the ultrasound(US) features of diffuse sclerosing variant (DSV) of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Methods The US and histopathlogical of 20 DSV patients were retrospectively assessed. Results Among the 20 cases,thyroid single lobe of 12 cases,bilateral lobes of 8 cases and cervical lymph nodes metastases of 18 cases (90%) were involved in DSV of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. At ultrasound, echo diffuse abnormal change of single lobe or bilateral lobes of thyroid and diffuse scattered microcalcifications were seen in the DSV of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. The blood flow signals of the abnormal lobes were occupied by 75% of one grade and 25 % of two grades. Conclusions DSV of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid is usually manifested as echo diffuse abnormal change,diffuse scattered microcalcifications and cervical lymphocytic infiltration on ultrasound in relatively young patients.